Nissan LEAF Named One of Time’s Top 50 Inventions of 2009

Nissan Leaf - attribution Tom Raftery

As we approach the waning days of 2009, it’s time for everyone to compile their lists of best and worst of this and that for the year. Time magazine is no exception to this grand tradition and typically publishes many such lists every year including top inventions. Among its list of 50 most important inventions of 2009 is the Nissan Leaf. The Leaf was unveiled in August as the first new dedicated electric vehicle from the Japanese automaker. The Leaf is important not just because of its powertrain, but because Nissan intends for it to be mass produced and sold globally at a reasonable price.

The Leaf isn’t the only environmentally friendly transport on the list. The WorldFirst Formula 3 race car was developed at the University of Warwick in England with the use of bio-materials in some of its components. The steering wheel contains carrot fibers and the mirrors use potato starch while the engine runs on chocolate and vegetable biodiesel. Finally, the Honda U3-X personal mobility device also got on the list.

[Source: Time and AutoBlog.com]

Honda Insight Wins Japan Automotive Hall of Fame Car of the Year

Here in the United States, there are more Car of the Year Awards than you can shake a stick at, and apparently that’s also the case in Japan. Just last week at the Tokyo Motor Show, the 2010 Toyota Prius won top honors in the 30th annual Japan Car of the Year voting. Now, Honda has sent out a notice that its revived Insight has won the Japan Automotive Hall of Fame Car of the Year.

According to Honda, there were three chief reasons the Insight won the award:

  1. The strategy of affordable pricing Honda used in marketing the hybrid Insight
  2. The Insight’s balance of driving performance and environmental performance
  3. The balance of performance and fuel economy at cruising and higher speeds offered by Integrated Motor Assist (IMA), Honda’s original hybrid system

Any affordable vehicle that manages great fuel economy will be winner in the eyes of many, so it’s not terribly surprising that the Insight took home this trophy. Still, sales results indicate that the Toyota Prius is still firmly entrenched as the number one hybrid to the majority of consumers around the world.

 

Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV

Powered by the new Mitsubishi Plug-in Hybrid System, which significantly extends the frequency a hybrid vehicle is driven in EV mode, the Mitsubishi Concept-PX* MiEV returns fuel economy in excess of 50 km/liter. The Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV† is a new-generation concept car that balances high environmental performance with running performance by utilizing differential motors and Mitsubishi’s all-new S-AWC (Super All Wheel Control), that utilizes E-AYC (Electric-powered Active Yaw Control) which transfers torque to the rear left and right wheels. Other features include Mitsubishi’s cocochi-interior**, which provides occupants with a comfortable cabin environment, as well as many of the latest safety technologies.

* PX: Plug-in hybrid crossover. † MiEV: Mitsubishi innovative Electric Vehicle
  ** "cocochi" is a pun on the Japanese word for "cosy"

Design

Solid, Safe, and Simple were the keywords which drove the development of an exterior design suitable for a next-generation crossover that creates simple appearance from which all extraneous elements have been pared and that is free of the ‘rugged’ elements typical in conventional SUVs. The headlamps and rear combination lamps use LED emitters that give the car an innovative and modern appearance as well as delivering better environmental performance with their reduced power consumption. The body uses a newly-developed metal colour that gives the car a metal shell-like appearance. Combining elements of both spoke and dish styling, the road wheel design highlights an unprecedented new look to the body as well improving brake cooling and aerodynamic performance.

The interior was designed to give an image of an airplane cockpit to improve the driver’s concentration, with an instrument panel that envelops the passengers and utilizes seats that keep the passengers firmly in place. In addition, the entire instrument panel and door trim utilize soft LED lighting that express the vehicle’s innovation and refinement. 

Mitsubishi Plug-in Hybrid System

The Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV’s front and rear wheels are powered by two permanent magnet synchronous motors and is also fitted with a 1.6L DOHC MIVEC gasoline engine which can power the front wheels as well as work as a generator. In addition, the vehicle comes with the newly-developed Mitsubishi Plug-in Hybrid System in which electronic circuitry automatically switches to the optimum drive mode for different driving conditions and remaining energy in the drive battery to extract maximum efficiency from the electric motors and from the gasoline engine. The Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV also utilities the MiEV OS (MiEV Operating System) which selects the optimum drive mode through integrated control of the EV components and the gasoline engine as well as controls optimum electrical charge and output in response to remaining battery energy through constant monitoring of the drive battery. With these, a pleasing, safe, and comfortable ride is achieved while conserving energy. In addition, to maximise effective use of the drive battery, the vehicle is equipped with a power supply mode that allows the use of some battery power to supply domestic appliances or as an emergency power source in the event of a natural disaster.

EV mode

At low to middle vehicle speeds the Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV’s drive battery powers the front motor using front-wheel drive. When driving on snow, in the rain or in other low surface friction situations where maximum vehicle stability is required, the system automatically switches to four-wheel drive mode by feeding power to the rear wheel motor as well when sensors detect any front wheel slip.

Series hybrid mode

When the remaining energy in the drive battery falls to a predetermined level the system starts the gasoline engine to generate electricity and automatically switches to the series hybrid mode using the electricity generated to power the motors. In this mode as well, the system switches to four-wheel drive by driving the rear motor depending on driving conditions.

Parallel hybrid mode

At higher vehicle speeds the car is supported by the gasoline engine which operates more efficiently than the electric motors at high revolutions. In this mode, the gasoline engine also helps drive the wheels. When the driver makes sudden lane changes or other maneuvers requiring greater vehicle stability the system switches to four-wheel drive by bringing in the rear motor to drive the rear wheels, improving stability. In addition when overtaking at higher speeds or in other situations requiring faster acceleration the system switches in both front and rear motors to provide additional power and assist the gasoline engine, providing high acceleration.

Regenerative mode

When the vehicle is slowing or coasting down a long descending slope the system switches to regenerative mode in which kinetic energy reclaimed from the wheels is stored in the drive battery.

Charging mode

As with the production i-MiEV, Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV features a 3-way battery charging system using either a 100-volt or a 200-volt domestic supply or a high-power quick-charging station. The system also incorporates a Wireless Charging Program feature that allows the owner to start charging the battery or start the air conditioner at a preset time even when away from the vehicle.

Power supply mode

As a way to maximize the usefulness of the power stored in the drive battery based on the ‘Smart Grid Framework,’ which garners attention as a link in tackling global warming, when not on the road the Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV allows the owner to store electricity at night and then use that electricity via the normal charging connector to power home appliances during the daytime when domestic electricity consumption is highest. This allows the drive battery to be used as a power source in the event of a natural disaster. Should the electricity left in the battery fall below a predetermined level, the gasoline engine starts up and works as generator to maintain the power supply at a fixed level.

A 100-volt AC auxiliary socket in the rear luggage compartment also allows the electricity stored in the drive battery to be used to power cooking or lighting equipment and other appliances when camping or engaged in other leisure activities.

Drive system

Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV uses Mitsubishi’s S-AWC integrated vehicle handling control system which is configured around an E-4WD (Electronically-powered four-wheel drive) system that controls front and rear motor output to deliver the optimum front/rear drive torque split. Under the integrated control of the S-AWC system are E-AYC (Electric-powered Active Yaw Control), which controls left/right torque split at the rear wheels and the degree of deceleration energy recovery, ASC (Active Stability Control) and ABS (Anti-lock Brake System) components.

Unlike the AYC system on the Lancer Evolution X which uses a wet multi-plate clutch arrangement, E-AYC uses a differential motor to control rear wheel torque split. The use of the differential motor makes for a high-efficiency system with outstanding response and contributes to the on-demand handling and outstanding vehicle stability that characterizes the S-AWC system.

Cocochi-interior

Some Mitsubishi Motors production cars already feature the cocochi-interior which embraces occupants in a pleasantly comfortable cabin environment developed to a ‘Clean, Stress-free and Safe & Reassuring’ theme. For Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV the cocochi-interior brings a number of new features including: seat upholstery that deactivates allergens, breaks down VOC’s (volatile organic compounds) and offensive odor molecules as well as killing bacteria; glass that shuts out UV-A radiation to protect skin from darkening and aging; and a negative-ion aroma humidifier and oxygen enricher that improve comfort and reduce fatigue. The original and the new cocochi-interior features provide a cabin atmosphere that enhances occupant comfort as well as contributing to safer operation of the vehicle.

Cabin heat load reducing technologies

The Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV uses a windshield that uses heat-reflecting glass to reduce the amount of heat energy passing through and uses IR- (infrared ray) blocking glass in the door windows. The body paint also incorporates heat-reflective and insulation technology. Inside the vehicle the four seats are individually air conditioned and cabin humidity is regulated. The adoption of these heat load reducing technologies allows efficient climate control while reducing power consumption to the absolute minimum in making for a very comfortable occupant space.

Latest active safety technologies

The Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV showcases several new active safety technologies.

The ‘New Multi-around Monitor’ system uses cameras located at strategic points on the body to provide the driver with a combined image of the full perimeter of the vehicle. The combined image is displayed for the driver on a monitor from an overhead view for improved safety around the perimeter of the vehicle. 

The Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV is equipped for the Driving Safety Support System (DSSS (Level II)) currently being promoted by the Japanese National Police Agency. In this advanced vehicle-infrastructure safety support system, an on-board receiver picks up signals transmitted by roadside optical beacons and the system urges the driver to take extra care when other vehicles or pedestrians have been detected by roadside sensors and cameras at intersections and pedestrian crossings. 

Employing a system that uses wireless technology to ascertain the position of other vehicles and warn the driver when their proximity so requires, the Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV also supports the Advanced Safety Vehicle 4 (ASV4) project being promoted by the Road Transport Bureau of the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. 

The vehicle is also fitted with a Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC*1) system, employing the road-to-vehicle communications capabilities used in Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) to determine the position of the vehicle and whether it is parked or not.

*1 5.8 GHz band two-way wireless communication channels specifically designed for automotive use.

Other features

The Mitsubishi Concept PX-MiEV is fitted with electronically-controlled air suspension that gives the driver the choice of three ride height modes – Auto, High, Low – for improved stability over poor surfaces or at high speeds and for easier access to and from the vehicle.

The concept also uses a new-generation steering wheel switch and control layout that offers outstanding usability and switch visibility for safer and less stressful driving. Some of the audio, navigation, and climate control switches are located on the steering wheel so that the driver can operate them without having to take a hand off the wheel. Switch operation indicators located in the instrument panel make it quicker and easier for the driver to visually check and control the switch positions.

In the Driving Monitor System a camera mounted facing the driver monitors eye movements to determine their level of alertness. If the system detects a decrease in their concentration it issues not only audible but visual and vibrational warnings and also emits a distinctive fragrance to alert him/her to the situation. 

The New Lexus LS 600h

The 2010 LS 600h, the full hybrid Lexus flagship, gains a range of technological and styling improvements for the 2010 model year, changes that have been unveiled for the first time at the Frankfurt Motor Show.

With redesigned seating, updated equipment, a new ECO driving mode and new brakes, the LS 600h and the long wheelbase LS 600h L achieve advances in comfort and driving dynamics.

The full hybrid Lexus Hybrid Drive system that powers the LS 600h has a new ECO mode, which modifies the throttle action and performance of the air conditioning system to support fuel-efficient driving.

The relationship between movement of the accelerator pedal and system output is automatically controlled, reducing response to aggressive inputs to improve fuel economy and promote smoother driving. The load on the engine is also reduced under acceleration, which also helps improve fuel efficiency.

When the outside temperature is 20°C or higher, the air conditioning system automatically selects its air recirculation mode to reduce power consumption. The blower airflow is reduced when set to “high” and operation of the supplementary electrical heating system (the PTcompact heater) is stopped, further cutting the amount of power used. Also, the system will not signal for an increase in engine speed to boost power when the vehicle is at idle.

Repackaging of the full hybrid system’s battery into two sections of six and 14 modules has reduced its overall size and freed up more luggage space in the boot.

Further development of the Lexus Hybrid Drive system has been revised to meet Euro V exhaust emissions standards, but with no change to the car’s performance: the combination of the 5.0-liter V8 petrol engine and 165 kW electric motor produces a maximum 439 bhp and 520 Nm of torque, giving nought to 62 mph acceleration in 6.3 seconds. CO2 emissions are 219g/km and combined cycle fuel economy remains 25.31 mpg.

The LS 600h is newly equipped with larger, 380 mm ventilated front disc brakes with six-piston callipers, rotors and pads developed jointly with specialist manufacturer Brembo. The pads are designed for quieter performance with less vibration and give fade-free high-speed stopping power.

Exterior Styling

The revised model is distinguished visually by a new four-bar grille and front bumper with redesigned air intakes and fog lamps. The headlamps have a new running light design and are finished in Lexus hybrid blue, giving the car a distinctive appearance befitting its flagship status.

In profile, the car has a new one-piece rocker moulding and new door mirrors that incorporate twin LED turn signals and puddle lamps, with chrome highlights.

Further new details include a lower bumper design with vertical fins to smooth the airflow from beneath the car. The range of exterior colours has been increased, with Mesa Red, Vanilla Mist, Richmond Green and Atlantic Blue newly available, together with the hybrid-exclusive Crystal Sapphire. The paint has a new Self-restoring Coat treatment that helps maintain a superb finish over the vehicle’s lifetime.

Interior Features

In the cabin the instrument binnacle has been revised to include a new full color, TFT LCD display. A new meter design features a three-ring analogue dial with a central speedometer, a tachometer and coolant temperature gauge to the left, and a fuel gauge and hybrid system indicator to the right. A display in the center of the speedometer can be customized to display vehicle information, turn-by-turn navigation instructions and hybrid system status.

The upper air vents have been set apart from the instrumentation on the center console, giving the dashboard a strong horizontal emphasis. The EMV multi-display touch screen has large switches and rearranged layout for the audio controls. The audio switch is now made of aluminum, adding to the premium feel and quality of the design.

The range of interior color and trim combinations includes a new light grey semi-aniline leather upholstery.

New Seating Features

Both front seats are equipped with new, inflator operated active headrests. Activated by a signal from the airbag ECU in the event of a rear impact, the inflator slides a piston into the headrest, unlocking a mechanism that projects the headrest forwards and upwards, reducing the risk of whiplash injury.

The driver’s seat also has a new return/away function. Linked to a similar function that moves the steering wheel, this automatically slides the seat back by up to 50 mm when the driver unbuckles the seatbelt and turns the engine off. The seat returns to its selected driving position once the car is started again.

For the new model year the LS 600h is available with the Lexus Rear Seat Relaxation Pack for the first time in conjunction with a five-seat configuration.

The premium seat arrangement has a 40:20:40 design with an upper seatback reclining mechanism, fully retractable leg and footrest and lower back massage function, all operated using a remote controller. It also offers different levels of massage using an array of eight pneumatic chambers built into the seatback, and lumbar and shoulder areas.

The horizontal suspension position of the rear seat has been moved forwards 45 mm to improve fit around the hips and the shape of the seat surface over the outer edges has been plumped up by around 10 mm for better support.

The center armrest has been redesigned too, fitted with a sliding lid and housing controls for the seats, earphone jack points and the remote control for the relaxation system. The seats have integral side airbags and the seat behind the front passenger in the Rear Seat Relaxation Pack has a seat cushion airbag to give the occupant extra restraint below the hips in the event of a collision.

Models fitted with the Rear Seat Relaxation Pack also offer an extra 40mm in the forward sliding range of the front passenger seat. Operated in conjunction with the retractable leg and foot rest, this allows the seat to be moved to its full front or return position using a switch in the rear centre armrest, or on the shoulder of the seat itself. When the front set is moved to its furthest forward position, its headrest is automatically retracted to give a clearer view from the rear.

Reducing the size of the rear air conditioning unit has increased boot capacity by approximately 35 liters.

New Lexus Navigation System

In common with its sister Lexus models, the LS 600h is adopting a new hard disc drive (HDD) navigation system with the 40 GB capacity, giving Europe-wide coverage with traffic information data capture in each country.

The 19-speaker Mark Levinson Premium Surround Sound System fitted as standard in the LS 600h gives 7.1-channel surround sound on selected CDs and DVDs. It is now DAB ready (DAB audio will be available as a center-fitted accessory) and provides USB and audio jack plug connection for fully controlled use of portable music players, and Bluetooth with an audio streaming function.

It also provides a new “sound library” function, using the navigation system’s HDD to transfer and store music files from CD up to 10 GB capacity – the equivalent of about 2,000 music tracks.

The revised LS 600h features a new, automatic high beam system. A camera sensor in the rear view mirror detects oncoming traffic, street lamps and vehicles traveling ahead and automatically switches the headlamp high beam on and off according to driving conditions. 

BMW 320d EfficientDynamics – The Greenest 3 Series Ever

BMW is launching the most fuel efficient and greenest 3 Series ever with the introduction of the new BMW 320d EfficientDynamics, offering CO2 emissions of 109g/km and claimed average fuel economy of 4.1 liters diesel/100 kilometers (57.37mpg US). The new BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Edition will be presented for the first time at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show.

The new BMW 320d EfficientDynamics is powered by a mellifluous 1,995cc engine with class-leading performance figures. The single turbocharged diesel powerplant features an all-aluminum crankcase and third generation common-rail injection technology with piezo injectors to achieve its impressive consumption and emissions figures without diluting driver enjoyment.

The BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Saloon develops 163hp between 3,500rpm to 4,200rpm and 360Nm of torque from 1,750rpm to 3,000rpm. This equates to a zero to 62mph time of 8.2 seconds and a top speed of 137mph. Acceleration in fifth gear from 50mph to 75mph is also suitably swift taking just 9.6 seconds.

The heightened performance of the BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Saloon has been made possible due to changes to the engine construction, a longer rear axle transmission ratio, lowered suspension and the use of specially designed aerodynamic alloy wheels with Michelin EnergySaver tires.

The BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Saloon also comes with a dual mass flywheel with springs between the two parts to help smooth out any engine vibration through the drivetrain. This is enhanced with the fitting of new Centrifugal Pendulum Absorbers to improve smoothness further. This feature increases motoring comfort and should result in the driver using a higher gear more often. This innovation combined with the longer transmission ratio thus serves to significantly reduce engine speed compared to a ‘standard’ 320d Saloon, benefiting fuel economy and emissions.

The new car still comes fitted with the existing suite of BMW EfficientDynamics technologies, including Auto Start Stop, Brake Energy Regeneration and Electric Power Steering for optimum performance, that have featured on all four-cylinder BMW 3 Series models since September 2007.

The BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Edition is the most fuel-efficient and lowest-emission car in BMW’s current model range. BMW is not charging a premium for the EfficientDynamics Edition; i.e., it is priced the same as the “regular” 320d.

In UK, the BMW 320d EfficientDynamics will cost just 35 pounds a year to tax courtesy of a Vehicle Excise Duty band B rank.